Perennial staple crops provide protein, carbohydrates, and fats on long lived trees, shrubs, vines, succulents, and perennial herbs. You can ready my 2011 article Perennial Staple Crops of the World here.
For more up-to-date but not quit comprehensive lists of tropical perennial staples in English and Spanish see the new handouts below:
Perennial Staple Crops for the Tropics in English
Cultivos Perennes de Comida Basica para Climas Tropicales
Also you can view my recent academic video presentation on perennial staple crops here.
If you would like to read the latest research on perennial versions of annual grains like rice, wheat, corn, and sunflowers, you can read the FAO report Perennial Crops for Food Security here.